摘要
选择2022年4月-2022年7月于该院消化科住院拟行结肠镜检查前肠道准备的患者87例,采用便利抽样法分为对照组(n = 43)和观察组(n = 44)。对照组采用常规方案服用复方聚乙二醇(PEG)电解质散(和爽)进行肠道准备,观察组在和爽溶液中添加20 mL蜂蜜进行肠道准备。比较两组患者肠道清洁度、和爽口感、患者不良反应、患者满意度和再次肠道准备意愿。
两组患者肠道清洁度比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。观察组恶心、腹胀、低血糖和肛门刺激征发生率低于对照组,严重程度轻于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。观察组和爽口感优于对照组,患者满意度和再次肠道准备意愿高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。
关键词
结肠镜检查是发现和诊治结肠疾病的主要方法,是诊断结肠早癌的金标
选取2022年4月-2022年7月本院消化内二科拟行结肠镜检查前肠道准备的患者87例。采用便利抽样法分为对照组(n = 43)和观察组(n = 44)。平均年龄(56.21±11.41)岁。两组患者基线资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),具有可比性。见
组别 | 性别 例(%) | 年龄/岁 | BMI/(kg/ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
男 | 女 | |||
对照组(n = 43) | 19(44.19) | 24(55.81) | 55.92±10.66 | 24.47±2.19 |
观察组(n = 44) | 20(45.45) | 24(54.55) | 57.41±9.32 | 25.09±2.95 |
|
0.0 |
-1.0 |
-1.6 | |
P值 | 0.538 | 0.304 | 0.110 |
组别 | 学历 例(%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
小学以下 | 初中 | 高中 | 中专 | 大专 | 大学以上 | |
对照组(n = 43) | 4(9.30) | 14(32.56) | 7(16.28) | 3(6.98) | 1(2.32) | 14(32.56) |
观察组(n = 44) | 1(2.27) | 13(29.55) | 11(25.00) | 3(6.82) | 8(18.18) | 8(18.18) |
|
-0.2 | |||||
P值 | 0.783 |
组别 | 日常Bristol大便分型 例(%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1型 | 2型 | 3型 | 4型 | 5型 | 6型 | 7型 | |
对照组(n = 43) | 0(0.00) | 2(4.65) | 1(2.32) | 25(58.14) | 15(34.88) | 0(0.00) | 0(0.0) |
观察组(n = 44) | 1(2.27) | 1(2.27) | 3(6.82) | 22(50.00) | 12(27.27) | 5(11.36) | 0(0.0) |
|
-0.4 | ||||||
P值 | 0.675 |
注: 1)为
纳入标准:年龄18~75岁;经医师评估,可进行结肠镜检查者;无慢性疾病急性发作期;口服泻药前电解质正常者;自愿参与本研究,并签署知情同意书。排除标准:年龄 > 75岁;不明原因的恶心呕吐者;怀疑肠梗阻或穿孔者;水电解质紊乱者;有糖尿病、严重心力衰竭、近期心肌梗死或不稳定心绞痛、未受控制的高血压( > 170/100 mmHg);有明显的胃潴留和/或蠕动差者;对和爽和/或蜂蜜过敏者。本研究经医院伦理委员会批准,伦理批件号:2022临审字第087号。
于结肠镜检查前1 d早上开始进清淡易消化低渣饮食,口服和爽之前1 h进流质饮食。无痛肠镜患者于17点、20点和次日凌晨4点服用和爽,普通肠镜患者于17点、20点和次日凌晨5点口服和爽。观察组在和爽溶液中加入蜂蜜20 mL。患者服用完第3袋和爽后开始答问卷。
记录大便次数。采用波士顿肠道准备量表(Boston bowel preparation scale,BBPS)评
使用“连续视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)”结合Likert量
不良反应为口服和爽时发生,包括:恶心、腹胀、低血糖、肛门刺激征、呕吐、腹痛、头晕和头痛等。使用“连续VAS”结合Likert量
两组患者全结肠、左半结肠、横结肠和右半结肠BBPS评分,以及大便次数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。见
组别 | 大便次数/次 | 右半结肠/分 | 横结肠/分 | 左半结肠/分 | BBPS总评分/分 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组(n = 43) | 12.97±4.14 | 2.02±0.15 | 2.11±0.32 | 2.90±0.29 | 7.02±0.41 |
观察组(n = 44) | 13.36±3.49 | 2.02±0.15 | 2.19±0.39 | 2.95±0.30 | 7.11±0.49 |
t值 | -0.47 | 0.02 | -0.85 | -0.75 | -0.93 |
P值 | 0.639 | 0.987 | 0.397 | 0.458 | 0.354 |
观察组和爽口感优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见
组别 | 非常差 | 差 | 一般 | 好 | 非常好 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组(n = 43) | 5(11.63) | 11(25.58) | 13(30.23) | 12(27.91) | 2(4.65) |
观察组(n = 44) | 3(6.82) | 5(11.36) | 13(29.55) | 16(36.36) | 7(15.91) |
Z值 | 685.50 | ||||
P值 | 0.022 |
观察组患者恶心、腹胀、低血糖和肛门刺激征发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。两组患者呕吐、腹痛、头晕和头痛发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。见
组别 | 恶心 | 呕吐 | 腹痛 | 腹胀 |
---|---|---|---|---|
对照组(n = 43) | 21(48.84) | 6(13.95) | 10(23.26) | 20(46.51) |
观察组(n = 44) | 10(22.73) | 6(13.64) | 6(13.64) | 11(25.00) |
| 6.46 | 0.00 | 1.34 | 4.38 |
P值 | 0.011 | 0.966 | 0.247 | 0.036 |
组别 | 头晕 | 头痛 | 低血糖 | 肛门刺激征 |
---|---|---|---|---|
对照组(n = 43) | 6(13.95) | 6(13.95) | 17(39.53) | 17(39.53) |
观察组(n = 44) | 4(9.09) | 3(6.82) | 8(18.18) | 8(18.18) |
| 0.50 | 1.21 | 4.84 | 4.84 |
P值 | 0.521 | 0.314 | 0.028 | 0.028 |
观察组患者恶心、腹胀、低血糖和肛门刺激征严重程度轻于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。两组患者呕吐、腹痛、头晕和头痛严重程度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。见
组别 | 无 | 轻度 | 中度 | 重度 | 非常严重 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
恶心 | |||||
对照组(n = 43) | 22(51.16) | 13(30.23) | 6(13.95) | 2(4.65) | 0(0.00) |
观察组(n = 44) | 34(77.27) | 8(18.18) | 1(2.27) | 1(2.27) | 0(0.00) |
Z值 | -2.64 | ||||
P值 | 0.008 | ||||
呕吐 | |||||
对照组(n = 43) | 37(86.05) | 5(11.63) | 0(0.00) | 1(2.32) | 0(0.00) |
观察组(n = 44) | 38(86.36) | 6(13.64) | 0(0.00) | 0(0.00) | 0(0.00) |
Z值 | -0.09 | ||||
P值 | 0.932 | ||||
腹胀 | |||||
对照组(n = 43) | 23(53.49) | 13(30.23) | 6(13.95) | 0(0.00) | 1(2.32) |
观察组(n = 44) | 33(75.00) | 8(18.18) | 3(6.82) | 0(0.00) | 0(0.00) |
Z值 | -2.14 | ||||
P值 | 0.032 | ||||
腹痛 | |||||
对照组(n = 43) | 33(76.74) | 8(18.60) | 2(4.65) | 0(0.00) | 0(0.00) |
观察组(n = 44) | 38(86.36) | 5(11.36) | 1(2.27) | 0(0.00) | 0(0.00) |
Z值 | -1.16 | ||||
P值 | 0.246 | ||||
头晕 | |||||
对照组(n = 43) | 37(86.05) | 6(13.95) | 0(0.00) | 0(0.00) | 0(0.00) |
观察组(n = 44) | 40(90.91) | 4(9.09) | 0(0.00) | 0(0.00) | 0(0.00) |
Z值 | -0.71 | ||||
P值 | 0.480 | ||||
头痛 | |||||
对照组(n = 43) | 37(86.05) | 4(9.30) | 1(2.32) | 1(2.32) | 0(0.00) |
观察组(n = 44) | 41(93.18) | 3(6.82) | 0(0.00) | 0(0.00) | 0(0.00) |
Z值 | -1.13 | ||||
P值 | 0.257 | ||||
低血糖 | |||||
对照组(n = 43) | 26(60.46) | 13(30.23) | 1(2.32) | 2(4.65) | 1(2.32) |
观察组(n = 44) | 36(81.82) | 6(13.64) | 2(4.54) | 0(0.00) | 0(0.00) |
Z值 | -2.19 | ||||
P值 | 0.029 | ||||
肛门刺激征 | |||||
对照组(n = 43) | 26(60.46) | 10(23.26) | 3(6.98) | 2(4.65) | 2(4.65) |
观察组(n = 44) | 36(81.82) | 6(13.64) | 2(4.54) | 0(0.00) | 0(0.00) |
Z值 | -2.32 | ||||
P值 | 0.020 |
观察组患者满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见
组别 | 非常不满意 | 不满意 | 一般 | 满意 | 非常满意 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组(n = 43) | 1(2.32) | 8(18.60) | 19(44.19) | 10(23.26) | 5(11.63) |
观察组(n = 44) | 3(6.82) | 1(2.27) | 10(22.73) | 21(47.73) | 9(20.45) |
Z值 | -2.70 | ||||
P值 | 0.007 |
观察组再次肠道准备意愿高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见
组别 | 非常不愿意 | 不愿意 | 一般 | 愿意 | 非常愿意 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组(n = 43) | 9(20.93) | 8(18.60) | 17(39.53) | 6(13.95) | 3(6.98) |
观察组(n = 44) | 6(13.64) | 3(6.82) | 10(22.73) | 18(40.91) | 7(15.91) |
Z值 | -2.90 | ||||
P值 | 0.004 |
复方PEG电解质散(和爽)含有聚乙二醇、钠、钾和氯等成分,口感带有咸和苦,多次大量服用,还会引起恶心和呕吐。甜味物质可被添加到口服药液中,以改善药物的口感,MENNELLA
患者从结肠镜前1 d的17点开始口服和爽溶液并禁食,机体不能获取碳水化合物、蛋白质和微量元素等营养元素。本研究中,患者平均年龄(56.21±11.41岁),多为中老年患者,肝糖原的储存和转化能力下降,大量和多次排便后,易引发低血糖。蜂蜜作为优良的营养益生食品,在医药领域中具有广泛的作用,被称为“大自然中最完美的营养食品
本研究仍存在一定的不足,蜂蜜中含有丰富的电解质和微量元素,本研究未对患者服药后的相关化验指标进行监测,不能确定蜂蜜是否影响患者血液中电解质和微量元素的浓度,且本研究样本量较小,只局限于一个三甲医院的消化科病房,有待下一步更大规模和多中心的随机对照试验进行验证。
综上所述,一定量的蜂蜜可以改善清肠药的口感,减少恶心症状的发生;减轻患者口服清肠药过程中低血糖、腹胀和肛门刺激征等不良反应,提高患者口服清肠药的舒适度、患者满意度和再次肠道准备意愿。
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