摘要
计算机检索英文数据库PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Library和中文数据库CNKI、VIP、CBM及WanFang Data(检索时间为建库至2020年2月),收集有关比较硕通镜和输尿管镜治疗尿路结石的临床试验。由两名研究者独立进行文献筛选、数据提取和评价纳入文献的方法质量学,使用Review Manager 5.3软件进行Meta分析。
该研究共纳入8篇研究,总样本量为901例。硕通镜组术后1个月结石清除率较输尿管镜组高(O = 2.72,95%CI:1.78~4.13,P < 0.05),并发症发生率较输尿管镜组低(O = 0.33,95%CI:0.22~0.50,P < 0.05);两组置鞘成功率(O = 0.73,95%CI:0.25~2.10)、手术时间(MD = -3.14,95%CI:-11.78~5.50)和术后住院时间(MD = -0.02,95%CI:-0.13~0.09)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。
Vol. 27 No. 2
泌尿系结石包括肾结石、输尿管结石及膀胱结石,是泌尿系统的常见病和多发病之一。我国17人中大约就有1人患有尿路结
计算机以“urolithiasis”“ureteroscope”“ureteroscopy”“flexible ureteroscopy”“negative pressure”“Shuo tong”“Suction”“Sotn”等为关键词检索英文数据库PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Library,以“尿石症”“输尿管软镜”“硕通镜”“负压组合式输尿管镜”“吸引”等为关键词检索中文数据库CNKI、VIP、CBM及WanFang Data,检索时间为建库至2020年2月。此外,手工检索纳入研究的参考文献,以补充获取符合纳入标准的文献。
由两名研究者独立筛选文献、提取实验数据和结果,并交叉核对。如有分歧,通过讨论或与第三方协商解决。文献筛选时,首先剔除重复文献,再阅读文题和摘要,在排除明显不相关的文献后,进一步详细阅读全文以确定是否纳入。此外,对搜索到的灰色文献(会议摘要、学位论文及其他未发表的文献),若符合纳入标准,通过邮件、电话联系原始研究作者获取全文及相关数据;对于重复发表或者使用同一组患者数据的文献,仅纳入样本量最大或最新的文献。资料提取内容包括:一般资料、设计类型、研究对象、病例数、年龄、结石大小、干预措施和结局指标等。
两名研究者独立评价并交叉核对纳入研究的偏倚风险。对于病例对照研究和队列研究,采用The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)评分量表对其偏倚风险进行评价,将得分7分及以上者视为高质量文献,该量表分为3个项目,从选择、可比性、结局/暴露等方面进行打分,最高得分9分;对于RCT,采用Cochrane手册5.1.0推荐的RCT偏倚风险评估工具进行评价(共6项),每项均采用“是” “否”和“不清楚”评价,“是”为低度偏倚,“否”为高度偏倚,“不清楚”为缺乏相关信息或偏倚情况不确定。评价完全满足上述质量标准,发生偏倚的可能性最小;部分满足上述质量标准,发生偏倚的可能性为中度;完全不满足上述质量标准,发生偏倚的可能性为高度。
采用Review Manager 5.3软件进行统计分析。以均数差(mean difference,MD)为计量资料效应分析值,以比值比(odds ratio,O)为二分类变量效应分析值,各效应量均计算并给出其95%CI。�
在计算机上手动检索查询,共获得文献566篇,逐层筛选后,最终纳入8篇文

图1 文献筛选流程图
Fig.1 Flow diagram of literature selection
注: NR:原文未报道;研究质量:采用NOS量表评分;“/”为无结果;①结石清除率;②手术时间;③置鞘成功率;④术后住院时间;⑤并发症
本研究中7
纳入的8个研


图2 术后1个月结石清除率的森林图
Fig.2 Forest plot of stone clearance rate one month after operation


图3 术后1个月结石清除率亚组分析的森林图
Fig.3 Forest plot of subgroup analysis of stone clearance rate one month after operation
纳入的8篇研


图4 平均手术时间的森林图
Fig.4 Forest plot of mean operation time
纳入文献中共7


图5 置鞘成功率的森林图
Fig.5 Forest plot of sheathing success rate
7


图6 术后住院时间的森林图
Fig.6 Forest plot of hospital stay after surgery
纳入的文


图7 并发症发生的率森林图
Fig.7 Forest plot of the incidence of complications
采用漏斗图评估发表偏倚,术后1个月结石清除率、术后住院时间和术后并发症发生率的漏斗图对称,余指标可能存在偏倚。见

A
B
C

图8 漏斗图
Fig.8 Funnel plot
A:术后1个月结石清除率;B:平均手术时间;C:置鞘成功率;D:术后住院时间;E:并发症发生率
D E
尿路结石作为泌尿系最常见的疾病之一,因发病率和复发率较
相对于输尿管镜,硕通镜的硬性外鞘可在标准镜的引导下直视进入输尿管内,然后拔出标准镜,再放入碎石镜。置镜过程可视化,使因置镜所致的输尿管黏膜损伤和输尿管穿孔的发生率相对减小,新手也可以在较短的时间内成功置镜。甘澍
此外,术中通过灌注吸引器手动控制碎石镜和硬性外鞘之间的通道压力,可有效控制肾内压力,减少因肾内压过高引起的感染及脓毒症休克等并发
本研究发现,两组在手术时间和术后住院时间等方面比较,差异无统计学意义。各研究间的手术时间存在差异,其中罗生军
本研究存在一定的局限性,纳入文献的样本量偏小,各研究缺乏对于结局指标的统一定义,且部分定义具有主观性,RCT较少,可能产生一定的偏倚。本研究采用漏斗图对发表偏倚进行评估,其中术后1个月结石清除率、术后住院时间和术后并发症发生率大致对称,但余两项指标可能存在偏倚,考虑与纳入文献偏少有关,漏斗图意义有限。
综上所述,硕通镜较输尿管镜术后并发症发生率低,且术后1个月结石清除率高,可在一定程度上使患者受益,值得临床推广应用。
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