Abstract:【Objective】 To compare the establishing time, security, intra-postoperative complications of three different ways of establishing the retroperitoneal space in urologic surgery. 【Methods】 From December 2010 to December 2012, 810 patients were performed laparoscopy via retroperitoneal approach. According to the different ways of establishing the retroperitoneal space, they wre separated into three groups randomly: group A, B and C. Group A uesd balloon technique to build up the retroperitoneal space, group B uesd finger separation technique, group C uesd IUPU (the acronym of Institute of Urology, Peking University) technique. We recorded the establishing time, intra-postoperative complications, evaluated the effect on surgery and followed up the wound healing. 【Results】 All cases were successful in establishing the retroperitoneal space except one in group A, which was converted to open surgery because of balloon burst. The space we builded was big enough for surgery. The establishing time was (7.3±3.2) min (group A), (4.8±2.8) min (group B) and (3.7±1.8) min (group C), the difference had statistical significance. All the incisions were healed well. However, 14 cases in group A had waist bulging after surgery with no obviously uncomfortable. There were no significant post-operative complications in all cases. 【Conclusion】 IUPU technique was simple, convenient and time-saving with smaller incision. The balloon technique took longer time with the problem of balloon burst and waist bulging, while the finger technique between them. So, we could use the IUPU technique to expand retroperitoneal space in the future, while the traditional balloon technique confirmed no advantage.