三种关节镜下肩袖修复技术的疗效比较及术后慢性疼痛的影响因素分析

Comparison of therapeutic effects of three arthroscopic rotator cuff repair techniques and analysis on factors influencing postoperative chronic pain

摘要:

目的 比较三种关节镜下肩袖修复术（单排技术、双排技术和缝线桥技术）治疗肩袖损伤的疗效，并对患者术后慢性疼痛的影响因素进行分析。方法 回顾性分析2021年1月－2023年2月106例于该院行关节镜下肩袖修复术治疗的肩袖损伤患者的临床资料，根据手术方式的不同，分为单排组（n = 35）、双排组（n = 32）和缝线桥组（n = 39）。分别于术前、术后3、6和12个月采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评估患者疼痛程度，采用Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分量表评估患者肩关节功能，并测量3组患者外旋活动度和前屈活动度。比较3组患者术后再撕裂发生率和慢性疼痛发生率。根据术后是否发生慢性疼痛，分为慢性疼痛组（n = 21）和非慢性疼痛组（n = 85），比较两组患者的临床资料。使用二元Logistic回归分析法，评估关节镜下肩袖修补术后发生慢性疼痛的危险因素。结果 缝线桥组术后3和6个月VAS明显低于单排组和双排组，3组患者术后3、6和12个月VAS明显低于术前，差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。缝线桥组术后3和6个月Constant-Murley肩关节评分高于单排组和双排组，外旋活动度和前屈活动度大于单排组和双排组。3组患者术后3、6和12个月Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分明显高于术前，外旋活动度和前屈活动度明显大于术前，差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。缝线桥组术后再撕裂发生率低于单排组和双排组，差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.0167），但单排组与双排组比较，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.0167）。3组患者术后慢性疼痛发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。慢性疼痛组女性占比、撕裂直径 < 1.0 cm占比和术后重度疼痛占比明显高于非慢性疼痛组，差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）；两组患者年龄、体重指数（BMI）、病程、损伤部位、损伤原因、吸烟史和饮酒史比较，差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示，在校正混杂因素（年龄、BMI、病程、损伤部位和损伤原因等）后，女性、撕裂直径 < 1.0 cm和术后重度疼痛是关节镜下肩袖修复术后发生慢性疼痛的独立危险因素（P < 0.05）。结论 关节镜下缝线桥技术相对于单排缝合技术和双排缝合技术，能更快地缓解肩袖损伤患者术后肩关节疼痛，促进肩关节功能恢复，增加活动度，且术后再撕裂的发生风险低。但三种关节镜下肩袖修复术后均存在一定的慢性疼痛风险，且女性、撕裂直径 < 1.0 cm和术后重度疼痛是关节镜下肩袖修复术后发生慢性疼痛的独立危险因素。

Abstract:

Objective To compare the efficacy of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using single row, double row, and suture bridge techniques in treating rotator cuff injuries and analyze the influencing factors of postoperative chronic pain.Methods Clinical data of 106 patients with rotator cuff injury to receive arthroscopic rotator cuff repair from January 2021 to February 2023 were retrospectively collected, were divided into single row group (n = 35), double row (n = 32) and suture bridge group (n = 39). All patients from the three groups were evaluated using the pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Constant-Murley shoulder score (CMS) before surgery and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, and their external rotation and forward flexion range of motion were measured. The incidence of postoperative retearing and chronic pain after surgery were compared among the three groups. Patients were divided into chronic pain group (n = 21) and non-chronic pain group (n = 85) depending whether chronic pain was seen or not after surgery and the clinical data was compared. Risk factors for postoperative chronic pain in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair patients were assessed via binary Logistic regression analysis.Results The VAS in suture bridge group was significant lower than that in single row group and double row group at 3, 6 months after surgery, the VAS at 3, 6, 12 months after surgery in three groups were lower than that before surgery, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The CMS score in suture bridge group was significant higher than that in single row group, double row group at 3, 6 months after surgery, and all groups at 3, 6, 12 months after surgery were higher than that before surgery. The external rotation range of motion, and forward bending range of motion in suture bridge group were larger than those in single row group, double row group at 3, 6 months after surgery, and all groups at 3, 6, 12 months after surgery were larger than those before surgery, the differences was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative retearing in suture bridge group was significant lower than that in single row group and double row group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.0167), but there was no difference between single row group and double row group (P > 0.0167). The chronic pain occurrence was no statistical difference among the three groups (P > 0.05). The chronic pain group had higher proportions of women, tear diameter < 1.0 cm, and severe postoperative pain than those of non-chronic pain group (P < 0.05). Other clinical data [age, body mass index (BMI), course of disease, location of injury, cause of injury, smoking and drinking history] were comparable between the two groups, the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). According to binary Logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding factors (age, BMI, disease course, location and cause of injury), female gender, tear diameter < 1.0 cm, and severe postoperative pain were independent risk factors for chronic pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery (P < 0.05).Conclusion In treating patients with rotator cuff injury, arthroscopic suture bridge outperforms single row and double row techniques in alleviating shoulder joint pain, promoting functional recovery and increasing range of motion, and presents lower risk of retearing. However, all three have some risk of chronic pain after surgery. Female gender, tear diameter < 1.0 cm, and severe postoperative pain are independent risk factors for postoperative chronic pain.