取石球囊在内镜逆行胰胆管造影术治疗肝移植术后胆管吻合口狭窄中的特殊应用

Special application of stone extractor balloon catheter in ERCP for anastomotic biliary stenosis after liver transplantation

摘要:

目的 探讨在内镜逆行胆胰管造影术（ERCP）治疗肝移植术后胆管吻合口狭窄中，应用取石球囊协助导丝跨越胆管吻合口狭窄的效果。方法 收集在原位肝移植术后发生胆管吻合口狭窄，行ERCP治疗的48例患者的临床资料。常规使用切开刀插管跨越狭窄段失败后，使用取石球囊尝试跨越吻合口狭窄，统计手术成功率，观察术中情况，分析治疗转归和并发症发生情况。结果 48例患者入院体征主要包括：32例腹部不适，7例发热，4例皮肤瘙痒，3例黄疸，2例无明显症状；术前胆道磁共振胆胰管成像（MRCP）检查显示，胆管吻合口单纯狭窄35例，狭窄合并结石13例。在取石球囊引导下，导丝成功跨越吻合口狭窄26例，成功率为54.17%（26/48）；通过对成功组和失败组的统计分析，两组患者中胆总管远端是否扩张存在明显差异，差异有统计学意义（χ² = 8.39，P = 0.004）。26例经取石球囊治疗成功者，术后48 h的丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶（γ-GT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和总胆红素（TBiL）水平较术前下降，差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。26例成功手术患者，均未出现严重并发症。结论 取石球囊在肝移植术后胆管吻合口狭窄治疗中，能够提高操作成功率，特别是对于胆总管远端扩张者优势明显，且安全性较高，值得临床推广应用。

Abstract:

Objective To discuss the application effect of using a stone extractor balloon catheter to assist in crossing the anastomotic stenosis in treatment of anastomotic biliary stenosis after liver transplantation using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).Methods Clinical data of 48 patients who developed anastomotic biliary stenosis after liver transplantation and underwent ERCP treatment were collected. Upon unsuccessful use of a dilation catheter to cross the stricture, attempts were made to cross the anastomotic biliary stenosis by using a stone extractor balloon catheter. The success rate of the procedure was recorded, intraoperative conditions were observed, treatment outcomes and complications were analyzed.Results The main presenting symptoms in the 48 patients on admission were abdominal discomfort (32 patients), fever (7 patients), pruritus (4 patients), jaundice (3 patients),and no obvious symptoms (2 patients). Preoperative magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) examination revealed isolated stricture of the anastomotic site in 35 cases, and stricture associated with stones in 13 cases. Using the stone extractor balloon catheter as a guide, guidewire crossing of the anastomotic stenosis was successful in 26 cases, resulting in a success rate of 54.17% (26/48). Through statistical analysis of the successful group and the failed group, there was a significant difference in whether the distal biliary dilatation between the two groups, and the difference was statistically significant (χ² = 8.39, P = 0.004). In the 26 successfully treated cases, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TBiL) levels decreased significantly 48 hours after the procedure (P < 0.05), and no serious complications occurred.Conclusion The use of a stone extractor balloon catheter significantly increases the success rate of crossing anastomotic stenosis in the treatment of anastomotic biliary stenosis after liver transplantation, especially in cases with distal dilatation of the common bile duct. This approach is safe and worth promoting.