低位和超低位直肠癌保肛手术的现状及进展

Current state and progress of preserving anal function in treatment of low or ultral-low rectal cancer

摘要:

由于社会的进步，人们对生活质量的重视不断提高，对于低位、超低位直肠癌的外科治疗逐渐趋向根治性切除的同时最大限度的保留肛门功能。随着对直肠癌生物学规律的深入研究，以及一些重大理论观点的提出，如2 cm切缘、全直肠系膜切除术、盆腔自主神经保护等，已有多种手术方式可以使低位、超低位直肠癌实现保肛，但是，由于低位、超低位直肠癌周围毗邻器官多，解剖结构复杂，仍应严格把握手术指征，避免盲目保肛致术后肿瘤残留或严重肛门失禁。

Abstract:

Abstract: As the development of society, people pay more attention to life quality. Nowadays, the therapeutic strategy to low or ultra-low rectal cancer has turned to anussaving as important as radical resection. Following the deep research in biology rule-rs of rectal cancer and a series of important theories, such as the 2 cm distal resection margin, total mesorectal excision technique, pelvic autonomic nerve preservation, variet-y of surgical methods can be chose in dealing with low or ultra-low rectal cancer a-nd achieving the goal of anus preservation. But, because of so many organs around the low or ultra-low rectal cancer and complicated anatomy, we should select patients strictly in order to avoid preserve one’s anus blindly. if not, patients will face the condition of residual neoplasms or severe incontinence.